Bedlington Terriers ONLY

What is Copper Toxicosis?

Copper toxicosis in Bedlington terriers is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by elevated liver copper levels because of reduced excretion of the metal into the bile. Copper is an essential trace element which acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic processes including cellular energy generation. However, when normal tissues levels are exceeded, copper can be extremely toxic. As early as the 1970s, Bedlington Terriers were described with hepatitis and progressive cirrhosis of the liver resulting in premature death that was associated with elevated tissue levels of copper. Signs of copper toxicosis in dogs can include lethargy, depression, refusal to eat, vomiting, weight loss, diarrhea, excessive thirst, abdominal distension, jaundice, and dark urine. It has been determined that the disease is associated with a mutation in the copper metabolism domain containing 1 gene (COMMD1) for which this test is offered.

With the DNA test, carriers of the mutant COMMD1 gene can still be used for breeding as long as they are bred to a dog that is clear of the mutation. That way no affected dogs will be born, but the desirable genetic diversity that these dogs provide the breed will be maintained. Note that there may be other mutations that could cause copper toxicosis. If your dog is exhibiting signs consistent with copper toxicosis but is not homozygous for the COMMD1 mutation, please contact us so that we can investigate other potential causes.

Tests are ordered online through the secure area of the OFA website. Payment is accepted by credit card (MasterCard and VISA). The OFA administers all order handling. Upon receipt of an order, the OFA will send out the test kit which will include a Foam-Tipped Applicator card for DNA sample collection, along with sample collection instructions. Using the FTA card technology, owners can safely collect DNA samples at home. The collection process is non-invasive, and no veterinary appointment is necessary.

Samples are then sent to the University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine where the samples will be processed by the Small Animal Molecular Genetics Lab. Results will be forwarded to the OFA, and the OFA will issue the resulting report to the owner.

The fee for each test includes the test kit, laboratory processing, and subsequent registration in the OFA databases.